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Migrating Tales situates the Babylonian Talmud, or Bavli, in its cultural context by reading several rich rabbinic stories against the background of Greek, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, and Mesopotamian literature of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, much of it Christian in origin. In this nuanced work, Richard Kalmin argues that non-Jewish literature deriving from the eastern Roman provinces is a crucially important key to interpreting Babylonian rabbinic literature, to a degree unimagined by earlier scholars. Kalmin demonstrates the extent to which rabbinic Babylonia was part of the Mediterranean world of late antiquity and part of the emerging but never fully realized cultural unity forming during this period in Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, and western Persia.
Kalmin recognizes that the Bavli contains remarkable diversity, incorporating motifs derived from the cultures of contemporaneous religious and social groups. Looking closely at the intimate relationship between narratives of the Bavli and of the Christian Roman Empire, Migrating Tales brings the history of Judaism and Jewish culture into the ambit of the ancient world as a whole.
- Sales Rank: #1225870 in Books
- Published on: 2014-09-05
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.00" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 312 pages
Review
"The rabbinic gems unearthed by the author's questions/answers/reflections mark the beginning of a venture into the place of rabbinic folk narrative in the culture of the ancient Mediterranean world."--Z. Garber"CHOICE" (03/01/2015)
"Carefully researched and clearly written . . . a valuable resource when thinking about Jewish culture and ideas."--Dvora E. Weisberg"H-Net" (10/02/2015)
"Kalmin has provided scholars of late antique Judaism with a valuable resource for thinking about Jewish culture and ideas."--Dvora E. Weisberg"H-Net" (10/02/2015)
"This is a fascinating book. . . . "Migrating Tales" is a most welcome edition."--Ben Rothke"The Times of Israel" (04/27/2015)
"All credit to Richard Kalmin for judiciously and encouragingly pointing in scholarly directions that have previously been little explored."--Stefan C. Reif"Journal of Theological Studies" (10/05/2015)
"Rightly contests a dichotomous division of the rabbinic world into 'West' and 'East, ' 'Greco-Roman' and 'Persian, ' and presents instead a much more complex and dynamic picture of migration, transition, and interaction between regions, languages, and cultures.... The book deserves praise for the remarkable erudition that underlies it, for its scrupulousness, and for the textual and philological sensitivity that guides every page of it."--Mira Balberg "Journal of Religion ""
"This is a fascinating book. . . . Migrating Tales is a most welcome edition."--Ben Rothke"The Times of Israel" (04/27/2015)
From the Inside Flap
"A fascinating book, a real tour de force. In Kalmin's hands, the stories of the Babylonian Talmud become evidence of the Bavli's cultural connections with Greeks, Romans, Christians, and others. If anyone tries to tell you how insular ancient rabbinic literature was, tell them to read this book."—Shaye J. D. Cohen, Littauer Professor of Hebrew Literature and Philosophy at Harvard University
"Kalmin's work represents an outstanding contribution towards identifying the various contexts and influences that shaped the Babylonian Talmud. He offers new and informative readings of rabbinic material and, while carefully applying cutting-edge systems of philological, literary, and textual criticism, he does not overlook the historical contexts that also played a major role in the process. This study poses a stimulating challenge to preconceived ideas of how rabbinic narratives originated and were subsequently refashioned."—Dr. Isaiah M. Gafni, Sol Rosenbloom Professor of Jewish History at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
"Migrating Tales puts well-selected stories from the Talmud under a microscope, focusing on very specific details to expose these stories' surprising origins in non-Jewish or non-Babylonian literature. Kalmin's overall emphasis is on the penetration of elements from the west, from the Roman Empire, into a document composed in the east, in the Persian Empire. This book is committed to a set of questions about how to determine provenance and context when dealing with such a complicated, composite document as the Talmud. An important and nuanced statement on how to read Talmudic stories in their late ancient context, one from which serious students and scholars of the Talmud and late ancient literature have a great deal to learn."—Moulie Vidas, Assistant Professor of Religion and the Program in Judaic Studies at Princeton University
About the Author
Richard Kalmin is Theodore R. Racoosin Chair of Rabbinic Literature at The Jewish Theological Seminary. He is the author of the award-winning Jewish Babylonia between Persia and Roman Palestine and several other books about the literature and history of the Jews of late antiquity. The research and writing of Migrating Tales was supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
A great book for for those looking to enhance their understanding of the Bavli.
By Ben Rothke
In academic Talmud, there is to some degree a phenomenon of what I like to call an “ABC” approach, which stands for “anyone but Chazal.” (Chazal is a Hebrew acronym for "Ḥakhameinu Zikhronam Liv'rakha" - "Our Sages, may their memory be blessed". It is a general term that refers to all Jewish sages of the Mishna and Talmud eras. This period lasts roughly from the times of the final 100 years of the Second Temple of Jerusalem until the 6th century CE). ABC is an attempt to portray/depict/view much of Judaism as simply a regurgitation of other religions.
From the title Migrating Tales: The Talmud's Narratives and Their Historical Context, it would appear at first glance that the book would be simply another ABC attempt to separate the Talmud’s teachings from the Talmud’s own claimed sources, and attempt to find the true sources.
But that is not the case. Author Dr. Richard Kalmin takes an analytical, yet conservative approach. He reads the external sources not as a way to disagree with the Talmud, but rather to gain a much more insightful knowledge of the beauty and the depth of the text and underlying storyline.
The reader looking for a revisionist approach will be disappointed in Kalmin’s method and the overall structure of the book. Professors Daniel Boyarin and Peter Schäfer have used such methods when performing textual analysis, to which Kalmin objects to, stating that their claims are not yet justified by the available evidence.
His main argument is that a significant cultural change is evident starting in the 4th-century of Babylonia, due to the incorporation into the Babylonian Talmud (Bavli) of non-rabbinic and non-Jewish traditions deriving from other cultures.
This is a fascinating book that takes a number of stories from the Bavli and attempts to read them in their cultural context against the background of Greek, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, and Mesopotamian literature of late antiquity and the early middle ages. The eight stories and subjects from the Bavli the book analyzes are (according to the chapter titles):
• Manasseh sawed Isaiah with a saw of wood: An ancient legend in Jewish, Christian, Muslim and Persian sources
• R. Shimon bar Yohai meets St. Bartholomew: peripatetic traditions in late Antique Judaism and Christianity East of Syria
• The Miracle of the Septuagint in ancient Rabbinic and Christian literature
• The demons in Solomon’s temple
• Zechariah and the bubbling blood: an ancient tradition in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim literature
• Pharisees
• astrology
• The Alexander romance
While Dr. Shai Secunda’s approach is that the Bavli must be read in its Sasanian context, Kalmin’s approach is that an understanding of the non-Jewish literature derived from the eastern Roman provinces is needed to fully interpret parts of the Bavli.
The book is concerned with how narratives traveled from one culture to another, and how the meaning of these narratives changed from one literary and cultural context to another.
Kalmin writes that the Bavli, unlike the Jerusalem Talmud was particularly open to traditions and motifs deriving from the literature and cultures of contemporary religious groups.
As to the connections between the rabbis of the Bavli and their surrounding cultures, Kalmin takes a conservative approach and avoids overly sweeping conclusions that would suggest close cultural connections between the Mesopotamian Jews and Christians. With that approach in chapter 7 on astrology; he notes that while astrology was an international phenomenon, it requires one to exercise caution in distinguishing between the contributions of Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and Greek and Roman paganism to the Babylonian rabbinic attitudes toward astrology.
An important point he makes is that commonality within the stories does not necessarily indicate that the rabbis borrowed these motifs from the Mesopotamian Christians.
A fascinating area which Kalmin discusses, which would make an absorbing book in its own right, is the notion of language-switching in the Bavli. Language switching, something Dr. Shamma Friedman stresses in his research, is obvious to any reader of the Talmudic sugya; who will quickly observe the switching between Hebrew and Aramaic. Kalmin writes that when a single statement in a sugya comprises both Hebrew and Aramaic, the statement is often divisible into an early core and a later explanatory addition.
For those looking to enhance their understanding of the Bavli, Migrating Tales: The Talmud's Narratives and Their Historical Context is a most welcome addition.
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